Kayly Adams

Question 3:

There are 3 main types of chemical bonds – ionic, covalent, and polar covalent
There’s also an “extra” that scientists must use sometimes – hydrogen bonds

· IONIC BONDS come from elements with low electronegativity – which means a low or absent number of electrons. And react best with elements with high electronegativity – many or full outer shells. Solids form lattice structures.
Example: sodium chloride (table salt), baking powder
· COVALENT BONDS have a complete sharing of electrons. Meaning they all switch and share together. This type of bond works best with elements that have only partially filled outer shells. Can be solid, liquid, or gas.
Examples: diamonds, carbon
· POLAR COVALENT BONDS (peptide bonds) are a mix of ionic and covalent. They bond best with elements that share electrons. The electrons in this bond spend most of their time around the atom. Atoms involved in polar covalent bonds differ from each other in their electronegativity.
Examples: water, amines
· HYDROGEN BONDS are just hydrogen combining with an electronegative element like nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine. Opposites attract! (can also be a dihydrogen bond)
Examples: water, ammonia