Retest Blog-Question 3

Test Question 3---There are three divisions for the types of bonds that occur. Explain the three types of bonds and their characteristics. Then explain the reason for their characteristics by use of concepts such as ,metal, nonmetal, metalloid as well as forces of bonding (notice i did not give you the name for that). Make sure that you explain all the characteristicsand you give examples.



The three bonds that I know of are Ionic, Covalent, and Hydrogen Bonds.



Ionic- The characteristics for the Ionic Bonds: they are really hard, strong, and have a high melting point. They can be transparent through the spectrum, and can absorb easily. They also lose energy through electron exchange. Their outer shells are in the shape of a sphere and have a noble gas pattern. This bond takes place when you have 2 opposilty charged ions but they have to be a metal and a Non-metal. An example would be table salt or Sodium Chloride. Sodium and Chlorine form together to get salt. Through this process the Sodium loses an electron and the Chlorine gains one. Because of this it is known as a 1:1 ratio meaning that you get Sodium Chloride!



Covalent-The Characteristics for Covalent Bonds: these bonds have low polarity, low boiling point, and low melting point. Two non-metals are needed in order to form a covalent bond. It is also a neutral molecule and can be a solid, liquid or gas. It has a weak form of attraction between its molecule. Covalent bonding is the sharing of electrons. The elemenets dont have to have to same 2 atoms but they do need to have a close relationship of electronegativity.(Wikki) Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself (Wikki). An example of a covalent bond would be SO2. Sulphur Dioxide is a covalent bond because they are both non-metals.



Hydrogen-The characteristice for Covalent Bonds:The Hydrogen bond must have one hydrogen atom and one high electronegative atom from a different molecule. In order to form a hydrogen bond it will have gone through a covalent bond. The hydrogen bond will only have 5% to 10% of the strength of a Covalent bond. The Hydrogen bond is also what holds our DNA together. An example would be when hydrogen attaches to carbon, hydrogen bonding occurs when the carbon atom is bound to electronegative atom forming chloroform (CHCl3)!